In general this can be approached either by having a program generate new code at runtime. So, ill recommend the new edition of my book mentioned by the other answers. Metaprogramming with templates yes, the code checks whether the number is a prime number template struct isprime2 static const int resisprime2 res. The complete guide by david vandevoorder and nicolai m. Design between quotes because there was no design in its initial stages, template. Techniques for making the mpl work on vc6vc7borlandgcc2.
It can be used for static configuration, adaptive programs, optimization and much more. Therefore, i call this projecttechnique template metaprogramming programming. In addition to nico josuttis and myself, doug gregor clang pioneer, swift co. Learn c programming pdf free ebook for beginners hello everyone, from very long time i was sharing c programming tutorials regularly. The compiler acts as an interpreter or a virtual computer that emits the instructions that make up the final program.
Well include a release of boost with an uptodate mpl implementation. Concepts, tools, and techniques from boost and beyond pdf, epub, docx and torrent then this site is not for you. Net is designed to help readers understand the basic concepts, advantages and potential pitfalls of metaprogramming. The if template was the rst control structure in a generic form 3 and the remaining control structures were published in 4. A metaprogram is a program that generates or manipulates program code. Algorithms are expressed using template recursion as a looping construct and class template specialization as a conditional construct. Most of the stateoftheart software have been implemented using c. Template metaprogramming is the practice of using templates to generate types and functions to perform computations at compiletime and generate programs. With template metaprogramming, you manipulate types, not objects. There are a number of ways to implement metaprogramming.
The rst article on template metaprogramming 7 was published in 1995. The output of these templates include compiletime constants, data structures, and complete functions. An introduction to metaprogramming for scientific computing dr conrad sanderson senior research scientist version 1. You are expected to understand basic template syntax and template specialisation, and we will build the rest as we go along. Introduction codegenerating programs are sometimes called metaprograms. Template metaprogramming map metainformation metafunctions membre traits traits classes traits templates lists and trees as nested templates computing numbers fibonacci control structures computing types if,switch, while,do,for computing code ewhile,edo, efor expression templates 15. A template parameter is a special kind of parameter that can be used to pass a type as argument. Of course, a type cannot be modified, so it has to be right the first time. The craft of writing useful, maintainable, and extensible source code which can be interpreted or compiled by a computing system to perform a meaningful task. First, we need to start with a little clarification. This book mixes a bit of metaprogramming with other template techniques. Yet, no one has compiled a book coherently gathering and elucidating such techniques. The metaprogram iterates over the types in the template argument pack types.
Template metaprogramming often makes use of compiletime computations, whether via templates or constexpr functions. Copyright c 20, decorators with args 47 from functools import wraps def debugprefix. Templates function templates function templates are special functions that can operate with generic types. Its strange, exciting and sometimes confusing all at once.
Numeric applications often have to process ndimensional arrays or mathematical vectors. Template metaprogramming scuola superiore santanna. Learn c programming pdf free ebook for beginners the. They are almost completed so i thought that i should combine all those tutorials at one place and make an ebook. We can all learn enough to use it in our daytoday coding. C was initially used for system development work, particularly the programs that makeup the operating system. And the method you choose should be dictated by what type of feature you need to build. Template metaprogramming john edwards of thatgamecompany digipen game engine architecture club. Template metaprogramming tmp is a metaprogramming technique in which templates are used by a compiler to generate temporary source code, which is merged by the compiler with the rest of the source code and then compiled. The ability to generate code at compile time allows the programmer to implement such features as polytypic programs, macrolike. What weve done now is program a little function or subroutine that is evaluated compiletime, using tmp. A complete reference manual for the mpl components, also to be included with the boost distribution.
In addition to basic data structuring mechanism, more complex. There are many different forms of meta programs depending upon the language being used. This tutorial is intended for beginner programmers, and we recommend you to go through all the chapters, to get the most out of it as possible. Concepts, tools, and techniques from boost and beyond by david abrahams and aleksey gurtovoy. It allows even inexperienced programmers to perform compiletime computations without doing any tmp on the surface. If you create the type sqr, the constant sqr ret is set to 100. In general, macros are frowned upon in this role and templates are preferred, although they are not as generic. This allows us to create a function template whose functionality can be adapted to more than one type or class without repeating the entire code for each type. Your contribution will go a long way in helping us serve. Youll explore plenty of realworld examples that reinforce. These techniques support the authors of template metaprograms in fol. Template metaprogramming is a generic programming technique that uses extremely early binding. When c was developed, maths libraries implemented functions.
It introduces core concepts in clear, easytofollow language and then it takes you on a deep dive into the tools and techniques youll use to implement them in your. The purpose of the system is to support the algorithmic construction of programs at compiletime. Template metaprograms consist of class templates operating on numbers andor types as data. Template metaprogramming is much more fun than mere generic classes. Dobbs journal, june 03, 2005 if youre like me, youre excited by what people do with template metaprogramming tmp but are frustrated at the lack of clear guidance and powerful tools. The basic building block of template metaprograms is called a template meta function. One of the first practical applications of metaprogramming was the unrolling of loops for numeric computations, which is shown here as a complete example. Template metaprogramming for haskell microsoft research. Todays most popular linux os and rdbms mysql have been written in c. A complete mpl reference manual, in html and pdf form. And inspiring introduction to template metaprogramming. Appendix a an introduction to preprocessor metaprogramming 281 a. Today c is the most widely used and popular system programming language. Abrahams and gurtovoy have written something close to a classic.
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